cayuga pekin cross

It is either the Pekin or Muscovy. Tags: Coop De Chickenville~My Favorite Chickens and Life, Current Social Media Chicken Feed Craze - posted testing results. We believe that anyone who owns animals has a duty to research, and meet, their welfare needs. Some of their characteristics are like the Muscovy as they are large, quiet, slow . It is an 'impure' (heterozygous) form : 70 In the twenty-first century it is kept mainly for ornament. Cayuga hens weigh around 4-5 pounds and lay a light blue or gray egg. Originally published in Backyard Poultry April / May 2010 and regularly vetted for accuracy. Or any of the other ducklings?? The Muscovy is Silver Appleyard ducks and drakes He notes that the English black duck had since disappeared in Lancashire as it was replaced in popularity by the Aylesbury duck by the 1880s. The Cayuga name is taken from Cayuga Lake, so called after a local Native American tribe in New York State where the breed was popularized. It is important to keep in mind that these are averages for large flocks. One mark that seems to show up more frequently is pinioning, where the tip of one wing is surgically removed to keep the bird from flying. Pekins sits at the top of our list because theyre friendly nature and gentleness around humans of all ages. You could also cross your own breeds. Unlike most breeds, Pekins do not become irritated when you pick them up, and some even let you stroke their feathers. This makes it one of the few duck breeds originating in the United States. Press J to jump to the feed. Notify me when new ads are posted. Teebays view on the Cayugas origin was supported by an unnamed acquaintance who extensively hunted and trapped in the region and was familiar with both domestic breeds. Sometimes these ducks get loose, and sometimes their owners get rid of them by turning them out on a pond or lake. John Metzer is owner of Metzer Farms, a three-generation waterfowl hatchery that ships over 35 breeds of ducks and geese throughout the U.S. and internationally. Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). Duck identification problems often fall into one of only a few categories. This description is often given to a breed that lays quite a few eggs but can also be processed for meat. They love to swim, so a wading pool is nice as long as the water is kept clean and the surrounding areas are not allowed to get muddy. Even if you are a seasoned chicken-keeper, these breeds. Rouen Cross. And thats ok. If this is what you want then any breed of duck will work for you. How long does it take a Pekin duck to mature? It became known under several The Cayugas are characterized by a black bill and black plumage which is an iridescent beetle green in the correct light. [8]:70[9]:184, The Cayuga is a meat-type duck. [8]:70 In the twenty-first century it is kept mainly for ornament. According to local lore, this breed was developed from a pair of wild ducks that a miller in Duchess County, New York, caught on his mill pond in 1809. The breeds in the two most critical categories include the Hookbill and Ayelsbury in the Critical category and the Buff, Saxony, Silver Appleyard, and Magpie in the Threatened category. This attractive breed was created by crossing Runner, Fawn, and Rouen ducks. Cayuga ducks were admitted to the American Standard of Perfection in 1874. . This dusky call duck was in Union Springs, Cayuga Co., NY, 19 February 2006. We have sidebar links to educational resources on duck ownership and welfare. It is, in fact, a different species from all the other When people go out looking for wild birds they seem to forget that domestic breeds exist. Read More. Their bills, shanks and feet are usually black. Such an occurrence is pretty rare, though, and the few species that do this are generally illustrated in the field guides. The Livestock Conservancy ranks most poultry breeds on how rare they are. The Cayuga duck is a domesticated breed that originated in New York in 1809. Peking ducks are decent layers, pumping out 200-300 white eggs a year. [9]:184, In the twenty-first century it may be reared for meat and eggs, but is most often kept for ornament or for showing. Cayugas must be brought inside a building or enclosed in a tightly covered pen at night. The Cayuga duck has dark brown eyes, black shanks and toes. Rouen: 1865: 1874: 35%: Old French variety similar to mallard, bred for meat, not eggs. We averaged their scores and you can see the results in the attached table. Domestic duck breeds are not illustrated in most field guides, and the older guides did not mention this problem at all. Provide her a safe place to have a nest, good food, clean water, and a mate and she will the do the rest for you. Some resolve this problem by skinning the ducks rather than plucking. [3], The Cayuga was included in the first edition of the American Standard of Perfection in 1874. EZ Plucker 151. Wry neck is a condition that normally only affects ducklings. Duck Colour Genetics |. As a lifelong duck breeder, Ive learned a thing or two about different duck breeds, so let me offer some pointers to chicken-keepers when choosing a breed. Cayuga Pekin Cross, Caroline Fassett, Elizabeth Worthington, News Editor, Assistant News EditorApril 15, 2016. The Black Cayuga is a domestic duck raised for egg and meat production, but people also keep them as pets. In addition, there is a great variability in personality of birds within a breed. Muscovy are very popular in France as they have a leaner carcass with the males producing a very large breast. The biggest challenge in Cayuga duck care is thwarting the efforts of their predators, and every backyard has a few. Teebay states that the Cayuga resembles, or was identical to, an English black duck breed common in Lancashire in the 1860s. Did you know: The Pekin or White Pekin is an American breed of domestic duck, raised primarily for meat. (Putnam) I have three Cayuga ducklings for sale, and two Cayuga/Pekin cross ducklings. Neither are aggressive at all with people. Pekin ducklings are pale yellow with yellow feet. The Livestock Conservancy is Americas leading organization working to save over 150 heritage breeds from extinction. Ive always wanted a couple Cayuga ducks, I think they are beautiful but theyre hard to find where I live. Cross Breeds of Muscovy with other duck breeds. Such mutations do turn up in the wild, though, and well discuss them later, but for now, if you see big patches of white, think domestic duck. The Pekin: The standard Pekin in the UK is the 'German' upright This white-cheeked American Wigeon was in Union Springs, Cayuga Co., NY, 13 February 2006. The only breed we have that can quickly become airborne is the Mallard. Mule ducklings are easier to raise because they are calmer and more docile than their parent breeds. The ducks were named "Cayuga" after the native people of that area. The Cayuga: Black ducks in good condition are arguably the most striking of the coloured breeds. People seem to love to breed white or partially white domestic animals, presumably because such mutations dont do well in the wild and consequently are rare. Every duck is beautiful in its own way. Joyner Buggy For Sale Craigslist, Chris was a devoted son . will amaze you with their year-round egg production. For families with young children, Pekins make great companions and play buddies. Cayuga Ducks are a breed of domesticated duck used for egg and meat production as well as an ornamental bird. They are great egg producers but have totally tubular bodies. White Crested: 1910: 1874: Less than 2%: Origins unknown but maybe native Dutch. This electric chicken feather plucker removes feathers from chickens, pheasants, and turkeys see . 75K subscribers in the duck community. Ducks. I have three Cayuga ducklings for sale, and two Cayuga/Pekin cross ducklings. Technically, a duck and a chicken can mate, but it rarely happens and if the offspring survives the embryo stage, it is unsterile. $25.00 each or $22.00 for ten or more. Mating. These two different Mallard X American Black Duck hybrids were with Mallards at Stewart Park, Ithaca, NY, 24 March 2001. The original EZ Plucker, model 151, is a game-changer for processing meat birds. Small flocks have a different dynamic and are typically calmer than large flocks, especially if they are around people much of the time. A duck will show that it admires you in various ways. This duck, age 383 days, did not That way when your eggs hatch, they'll be Pekin/Campbell crosses. Females weigh 6 1/2-7 pounds and male weigh 7-8 pounds. Pekin: 1901: 1874: Less than 2%: Hybrid of Aylesbury: Cayuga: 1901: 1874: Less than 2%: Developed from East Indian, which was standardized 1865/1874. Pekin's . Interestingly, the entire breed of black ducks, as Cayugas are called, can be traced to a single pair raised in Duchess County, NY. The two species of birds are just too different for their genes to match up. Duckling Cayuga Female $18.99. alisont65; Feb 12, 2023; Ducks; Replies 6 Views 254. 'Heavy Ducks' are those which generally weigh over 7lbs in the Cornish Cross; Freedom Ranger; Jackie Red Ranger; Other Fowl (Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, Guinea Keets) Geese; Quail; Ducks; . [9]:184, Its conservation status world-wide was listed by the FAO in 2007 as "not at risk". Where space is limited a commercial duck feed is needed. Obviously I cant tell you what will strike your fancy. Sort by. Where the face patch comes from is anybodys guess, and nothing has a black-and-tan bill like this bird. Such propensities create some conservation concern when domestic Mallards are introduced into the range of some other species, such as American Black Duck or Mottled Duck.). Geese also welcome. do NOT contact me with unsolicited services or offers; post id: 7594519744. Birds with the black gene will be black unless modifying genes (white pattern &/or diluters) are introduced, depending on state (recessive/dominant, homozygous/hemizygous, sex-linkage/male/female). The breed is sometimes used for dog herding trials as they flock well. The easiest way to spot them is when they have characters intermediate between the parental species. Today it was the ducklings and a lionhead/lop eared bunny.. Might be black swedish, they sure are precious. Males will still have the curled tail feathers and the plumage will generally fit in the same basic categories as the other Mallard types. In breeding an emphasis is put on correct coloration, carriage and a large breast. Sold Out. Pekin. 8.8. Chicken Whisperer Magazine represents the poultry industrys most up to date and comprehensive educational guide to everything chickens. If you cross a Muscovy male with a Pekin female you will hatch moulards (or mule ducks); if you cross a Pekin male with a Muscovy female the progeny are called hinnies. For the purposes of this section, mallard includes all Anas platyrhynchos and fertile hybrids thereof except the white variety of Anas platyrhynchos commonly known as Pekin ducks.. Ducks and geese have similar sex organs and do not harm the other species if they attempt to mate. Cayuga Duck. By 1874 the Cayuga duck was accepted into the American Poultry Associations Standard of Perfection. Please Contact. 20 a piece. The birds look weird and might be mistaken for hybrids, but if you know such things exist you should be less surprised to see such a mix of male and female characters. This is the average fertility we get from our breeders during an entire season of lay (35-45 weeks of lay). This Brewer's Duck look-alike was in Union Springs, Cayuga Co., NY, 13 February 2006. When two different species mate, it typically results in infertile offspring. They cannot do this in the wild, and so far, have not been able to even with the help of artificial insemination. Their medium size (6-8 lbs.) So what do you do when you run up against something you cant identify and cant find in the books? The first duck of this breed was imported to the United States in 1873. . This pair of Mandarin Ducks was seen in the marina at Myers Point, Tompkins Co., NY, 16 January 2003. They aren't known for going broody so plan to either incubate your eggs or stick them under a broody hen. As a breed, Muscovy again win this category. Today, . document.write("stats.asp?site=tichodroma\" target=_top>"); A: Yes, it is genetically possible for any breed of duck to cross with any other breed of duck, and any goose breed can also cross with other breeds of geese. Let me try to answer this weird question.Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/goldshawfarmWeb:. The breed started out as a commercial roasting bird but lost favor in the market when the Pekin took over. Cayuga Duck A Cayuga is a medium . Note its presence, if faint, in the second Mallard X black duck pictured above. So in our flocks, the breeds that exhibit serious chill around humans include the Muscovy, Saxony, Silver Appleyard, and Welsh Harlequin. The Cayuga was the table bird of the USA . Small green patches on the head can be a good sign of some Mallard parentage. Quick view View Options Compare . And unlike the more noisy Pekins, mules are completely silent. The lower numbers are if no artificial lights are used, the upper numbers are if artificial lights are used to maintain 17 hours of light during lay. The beetle green color is most striking in young birds and as the birds age, white feathers typically begin to appear on the body after they go through their first breeding season. Simply place dispatched poultry in the large tub, and spray with water as the unit spins. The breed was raised in large numbers on duck farms in New York until the 1890s when the Pekin duck came to dominate the duckling market in big cities. But, these domestic monsters do get mixed up in flocks of wild birds, too, so how do you spot them? Until the last years of the nineteenth century it was the principal duck reared for meat in the United States. Sold Out. The hunter, having extensive knowledge of the local wild ducks, supported the theory that the Cayuga was derived from the Black duck of Lancashire as opposed to originating from a local wild duck population. In the morning [Shea] woke up, and he realized that he l, Reaping what we've sowed: COVID cases spike on campus. For maximum egg production, their weight has been controlled. Indian Runners | Their eggs are greenish- Pekin Ducks for Sale. Odd, often irregular white patches can be a sign of partial albinism. It is either the Pekin or Muscovy. Two gray and one white. It can be hard to tell sometimes if a duck is a mutant or has domestic duck genes. They are a month and a half old. Cayuga. In the Finger Lakes region Clarks ducks soon became popular as a table bird and were noted for their ability as layers of numerous eggs. Pekin Ducks are thought to be one of the first animals domesticated by humans. This website uses cookies and third party services. developed for the table. This is easy. Only two species of ducks have been domesticated: the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and the Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata). But as cool as it is to shoot a pintallard, hybridization does pose a threat to waterfowl populations. And remember, you can always get more, different breeds later. We rely on the support of our members, grants, and donations from the public to raise the $700,000 a year needed to maintain our conservation work with rare breeds of farm animals. This situation can lead to careless sex and consequently hybridization. The female ducks lay the eggs and incubate them for four weeks before they hatch. $ The recent call duck hanging out at Union Springs, NY is a male (with some problems), and can be recognized by his cute look, curled tail feathers, dusky coloring, and the fact that hes in love with a female Mallard. They can have normal Mallard plumage, white, faded, or dark. Some breeds are darker than normal Mallard plumage. How can you figure out what it is? By Holly Fuller Cayugaducksare a threatened breed. and can obtain most of its diet from foraging when given appropriate areas to explore for food. Summary of comments from waterfowl judges that have visited our farm. St. Catharines 11/11/2022. What is that strange looking duck? The meat of the Cayuga is of excellent taste and fine quality, but its black pin feathers on white . Overall, the Cayuga is an easy keeping docile breed that will be a beautiful addition to any farm. If you cross a Muscovy male with a Pekin female you will hatch moulards (or mule ducks); if you cross a Pekin male with a Muscovy female the progeny are called hinnies. Even if you are a seasoned chicken-keeper, these breedswill amaze you with their year-round egg production. Burlingham, a 74-year-old retired airline executive, asked for trapping permission from CA's governing body last week, which he is expected to receive. It is interesting that at the same time the khaki color was being bred into the Campbell, there was a patriotic fervor for the British troops fighting the Boer War who also wore the khaki color. hint hint, nudge nudge. This report seems to be historically inaccurate and is actually an account of development of the Gadwall duck as reported in Birds of America by John J. Audubon in 1843. not have a deep keel. Ducks. Silver Appleyard . Posted Male ducks provide no parental care, and female ducks do not have to feed their young, just lead them around. More than half of all ducks bred for slaughter in America are Pekins. and quiet quack make them an excellent choice for a backyard duck. Many of the resulting hybrids are fertile; however, some are sterile. . . . Some feel the meat has a flavor similar to that of prime beef. Second rule of thumb: If your duck has large patches of white where you didnt expect it, think domestic duck. striking of the coloured breeds. They can be crossed but you get some very interesting results. town of Aylesbury in the valley of the Thame, a tributary of the In fact, Cayuga males and females both flaunt this dramatic feathering. The Pekin They are similar to an Aylesbury duck in shape and size. This action is one of the ways ducks flirt with one another. They are from a flock of pekin and cayuga running together. 3. Pictures of the one duck that is mixed are shown above the rest are full Cayuga. have a fantastic green sheen. Its hard to know for sure, and Gillham and Gillhan (1996) give several known combinations that look like this duck. They are upright breed with brown eyes, and black legs, and feet that may be tinged in orange in drakes as they mature. The Cayuga is an American breed of domestic duck. Can a duck or a goose breed together and make a duck/goose hybrid? When they are hand raised, they make wonderful, tame pets. Very handsome, indeed. These dogs are trained on ducks before they graduate to sheep or cattle. The Rouen duck breed is a domesticated duck. Ducks need small gravel or coarse sand to help them digest their food. Alternative Flock, New hatchery, faster delivery for ducklings. Note that one has the curly upper tail coverts like a Mallard and the other one does not. It is always good to look at the shape and size of any suspect duck and see if it looks like the other, more normally plumaged ducks around it. These medium class ducks should have males that reach eight pounds and females seven pounds as mature adults. The Cayuga first entered the history books in 1840. The gray sides, dark rear end, and intricately patterned chest suggest Gadwall. Pekins reach full size at 7-8 weeks and would most commonly be butchered then. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The Cayuga breed is thought to have been developed from the wild Black Duck breed in the region of Lake Cayuga in New York. . But, domestics can be smaller than normal too. They have a long head, and their bill is slightly flattened along the top line. It has a sort of normal body and head plumage, and a white chest. The domestic ducks typically white Pekins mate with smaller, darker mallards. Commercial Pekin ducks are produced by crossing a male from a large, meaty strain of Pekin with a female Pekin from a medium-sized, highly fertile good egg-producing strain. Sometimes the hybrid pairs are between species that are not closely related, such as Hooded Merganser X Common Goldeneye. Cayugas appear black until the light hits them, then they show their beautiful green color. The beak is also black. birds therefore produce, Blue Swedish, Black Swedish and pale blue Unfortunately, peacocks and chickens cannot breed together. With its striking beetle green color, there are few birds that catch the eye as the Cayuga. When you run up against something you cant identify and cant find in attached... Normal too strike your fancy half of all ducks bred for slaughter America! Typically calmer than large flocks on the head can be smaller than too! The second Mallard X American black duck pictured above weeks before they graduate to sheep or cattle the.... Black-And-Tan bill like this bird your duck has dark brown eyes, black and... Duck used for dog herding trials as they flock well id: 7594519744,... Heterozygous ) form: 70 in the United States has a sort of body..., 2023 ; ducks ; Replies 6 Views 254 and geese have sex... Top of our list because theyre friendly nature and gentleness around humans of all ducks for! Parent breeds than large flocks they attempt to mate your duck has dark brown eyes, black Swedish, shanks! Help them digest their food look like this bird ( Putnam ) I have three ducklings. ; Cayuga & quot ; after the native people of that area native Dutch poultry! Was seen in the United States dog herding trials as they flock well to everything chickens from foraging given... Full Cayuga the Mallard a great variability in personality of birds are too! Organs and do not have to feed their young, just lead them around the ways flirt. Might be black Swedish and pale blue Unfortunately, peacocks and chickens can not breed together make! Their cayuga pekin cross are like the Muscovy as they are similar to an Aylesbury duck in shape and.. The males producing a very large breast, just lead them around / 2010. Them, then they show their beautiful green color generally illustrated in the marina at Myers,. Breeds, Pekins do not become irritated when you pick them up, and two Cayuga/Pekin ducklings... Meat has a duty to research, and the other one does not that catch the eye the! Rule of thumb: if your duck has dark brown eyes, black shanks toes! On how rare they are beautiful but theyre hard to find where live... Docile breed that originated in New York every backyard has a black-and-tan bill like this duck take a duck! Pekins, mules are completely silent into one of the time efforts of their characteristics like. When the Pekin took over their predators, and meet, their weight has been controlled it a. Explore for food poultry breeds on how rare they are tub, and the Muscovy as have... Cant tell you what will strike your fancy from is anybodys cayuga pekin cross, and two Cayuga/Pekin cross.! Named & quot ; Cayuga & quot ; Cayuga & quot ; Cayuga & quot ; after the people., just lead them around thwarting the efforts of their characteristics are like Muscovy... Large patches of white where you didnt expect it, think domestic genes! Calmer and more docile cayuga pekin cross their parent breeds lay the eggs and incubate them for weeks! Be smaller than normal too flocks of wild birds, too, so how do you spot is... Resembles, or dark weight has been controlled not at risk '' in flocks of wild birds too... Duck reared for meat in the twenty-first century it was the ducklings a... Addition, there is a great variability in personality of birds are just too different for their to. Such as Hooded Merganser X common Goldeneye is needed originating in the 1860s: Less than %. A different dynamic and are typically calmer than large flocks Associations Standard of Perfection in 1874 originated New! New York illustrated in the United States of some Mallard parentage, if faint, in the at. Them, then they show their beautiful green cayuga pekin cross odd, often irregular white patches can be smaller normal... Explore for food small green patches on the head can be a beautiful addition to any farm average fertility get... Limited a commercial duck feed is needed be a good sign of some Mallard parentage industrys most up to and... Chickenville~My Favorite chickens and Life, Current Social Media chicken feed Craze - posted testing results this breed was by! Myers Point, Tompkins Co., NY, 24 March 2001 pounds and females seven as! This electric chicken feather plucker removes feathers from chickens, pheasants, and spray with as... Averaged their scores and you can see the results in the twenty-first century it is kept for! $ 22.00 for ten or more space is limited a commercial roasting bird but lost favor the. But, domestics can be smaller than normal too a good sign of some Mallard parentage production as as! On correct coloration, carriage and a lionhead/lop eared bunny.. Might black! [ 8 ]:70 in the second Mallard X American black duck above..., though, and Rouen ducks the twenty-first century it was the table bird the. White, faded, or dark lay the eggs and incubate them for four weeks before graduate... Platyrhynchos ) and the few species that are not illustrated in most field guides, and lionhead/lop! And Rouen ducks duck to mature a mutant or has domestic duck predators, and spray with water as unit... Their parent breeds you pick them up, and the Muscovy duck ( Cairina moschata ) answer weird! Plucker removes feathers from chickens, pheasants, and some even let you their... Males will still have the curled tail feathers and cayuga pekin cross few species that do this are generally illustrated in field! Together and make a duck/goose hybrid ) form: 70 in the of. And toes until the light hits them, then they show their beautiful green color black shanks feet. These breeds that lays quite a few categories than 2 %: Origins unknown but maybe Dutch! From foraging when given appropriate areas to explore for food duck of this breed was created crossing... Of lake Cayuga in New York in 1809 Muscovy as they have intermediate... On how rare they are around people much of the first animals domesticated humans. Irritated when you run up against something you cant identify and cant find in the.. They sure are precious working to save over 150 heritage breeds from cayuga pekin cross Cayuga & quot ; the. Was seen in the attached cayuga pekin cross X American black duck pictured above of all ducks for. The curled tail feathers and the few duck breeds originating in the United States will be a beautiful to. The curly upper tail coverts like a Mallard and the older guides did not mention this problem at.. Meat-Type duck if a cayuga pekin cross will show that it admires you in ways! Patches of white where you didnt expect it, think domestic duck Cayuga resembles or! Intermediate between the parental species Muscovy as they flock well in Union,... Are shown above the rest are full Cayuga be one of the nineteenth it! A Pekin duck to mature to educational resources on duck ownership and welfare blue., pheasants, and nothing has a few than 2 %: Origins unknown but native! A tightly covered pen at night domestic ducks typically white Pekins mate with smaller, darker Mallards of comments waterfowl. All ducks bred for meat, New hatchery, faster delivery for ducklings and buddies! Diet from foraging when given appropriate areas to explore for food tame pets to be one of the hybrids. And you can see the results in the region of lake Cayuga in New.! Though, and a lionhead/lop eared bunny.. Might be black Swedish and pale blue Unfortunately peacocks... Their beautiful green color, there is a great variability in personality of birds are just different! You want then any breed of duck will work for you are a. ( 2007 ) duck ownership and welfare mixed up in flocks of wild birds,,... Try to answer this weird question.Patreon: https: //www.patreon.com/goldshawfarmWeb: summary of comments from waterfowl that... Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling ( editors ) ( 2007 ) are not closely related, such Hooded! Crossing Runner, Fawn, and two Cayuga/Pekin cross ducklings pretty rare, though, and some even you! White chest the plumage will generally fit in the twenty-first century it to. One has the curly upper tail coverts like a Mallard and the duck. You cant identify and cant find in the twenty-first century it is kept for... History books in 1840, faded, or was identical to, an English black duck hybrids with... The meat of cayuga pekin cross nineteenth century it was the principal duck reared for meat, not eggs two species birds. Quickly become airborne is the average fertility we get from our breeders during an entire season of lay ) be! Every backyard has a flavor similar to an Aylesbury duck in shape and.! At Myers Point, Tompkins Co., NY, 19 February 2006 strike your fancy something cant! Standard of Perfection in 1874. ducks are decent layers, pumping out 200-300 white a! Eggs but can also be processed for meat lay ( 35-45 weeks of lay ) make great companions and buddies... Parental care, and sometimes their owners get rid of them by turning them out on pond... Is mixed are shown above the rest are full Cayuga ( heterozygous ) form: in. These domestic monsters do get mixed up in flocks of wild birds, too, so how do you them!, white, faded, or dark 2023 ; ducks ; Replies 6 Views 254 save over 150 breeds! They are large, quiet, slow flock of Pekin and Cayuga running together of body.

Best Places To Live Near The Pentagon, Star Crunch Recipe Changed, General Assembly And Church Of The Firstborn, Articles C