[87][88] The tryout, however, was a farce chiefly designed to assuage the desegregationist sensibilities of powerful Boston City Councilman Isadore H. Y. [239][240] In 1972, he served as a part-time commentator on Montreal Expos telecasts. Robinson portrayed himself in the 1950 motion picture The Jackie Robinson Story. [269], Robinson did not outlive his son by very long. [77][78] Although his teams were outmatched by opponents, Robinson was respected as a disciplinarian coach,[64] and drew the admiration of, among others, Langston University basketball player Marques Haynes, a future member of the Harlem Globetrotters. It was announced Monday that Simms has been hired as a special . In December 1956, the NAACP recognized him with the Spingarn Medal, which it awards annually for the highest achievement by an African-American. "[202] According to historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, Robinson's "efforts were a monumental step in the civil-rights revolution in America [His] accomplishments allowed black and white Americans to be more respectful and open to one another and more appreciative of everyone's abilities. Jackie Robinson's Family. [128] Although he often faced hostility while on road trips (the Royals were forced to cancel a Southern exhibition tour, for example),[72] the Montreal fan base enthusiastically supported Robinson. [84] In all, Robinson played 47 games at shortstop for the Monarchs, hitting .387 with five home runs, and registering 13 stolen bases. "[177], Robinson's Hollywood exploits, however, did not sit well with Dodgers co-owner Walter O'Malley, who referred to Robinson as "Rickey's prima donna". This guy didn't just come to play. Jackie Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, to a family of sharecroppers. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. This parkway bisects the cemetery in close proximity to Robinson's gravesite. [204] During his career, the Dodgers played in six World Series, and Robinson himself played in six All-Star Games. After Robinson left the army, Rickey, the then-GM of the Brooklyn Dodgers, saw Jackie play for the Kansas Monarchs. [17] He played shortstop and catcher on the baseball team, quarterback on the football team, and guard on the basketball team. Born. Larry Doby broke the American League color barrier on July 5, 1947 with the Cleveland Indians. [13][14] After Robinson's father left the family in 1920, they moved to Pasadena, California. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, a sleepy Southern town near the Florida border. "[33] Also while at PJC, he was elected to the Lancers, a student-run police organization responsible for patrolling various school activities. [135] Although he failed to get a base hit, he walked and scored a run in the Dodgers' 53 victory. He finished the year with 99 runs scored, a .328 batting average, and 12 stolen bases. [313], Since 2004, the Aflac National High School Baseball Player of the Year has been presented the "Jackie Robinson Award". [236], In his first year of eligibility for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962,[73] Robinson encouraged voters to consider only his on-field qualifications, rather than his cultural impact on the game. I'm the manager of this team, and I say he plays. [317], A number of buildings have been named in Robinson's honor. [237] He was elected on the first ballot, becoming the first black player inducted into the Cooperstown museum. Karl Downs. The event motivated Jackie to pursue his athletic career at the nearby University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he could remain closer to Frank's family. Robinson led the league in sacrifice hits, with 28, and in stolen bases, with 29. [121][122], After much lobbying of local officials by Rickey himself, the Royals were allowed to host a game involving Robinson in Daytona Beach. [52][81] Although he played well for the Monarchs, Robinson was frustrated with the experience. This forced a best-of-three playoff series against the crosstown rival New York Giants. In a letter read during the ceremony, Rachel Robinson, Jackie's widow, wrote: "I remember Montreal and that house very well and have always had warm feeling for that great city. During Jackie Robinson 's youth in California, his older . No black man had played in the major leagues since Moses Fleetwood Walker in 1884, but the Boston Red Sox nevertheless held a tryout at Fenway Park for Robinson and other black players on April 16. His wife Rachel was present for the dedication on September 15. [47] Baseball was Robinson's "worst sport" at UCLA; he hit .097 in his only season, although in his first game he went 4-for-4 and twice stole home. Jackie Robinson was born in 1919 into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia, and went on to become the first black player in the modern era of Major League Baseball. Born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, Jack Roosevelt Robinson was the youngest of Jerry and Mallie Robinson's five children. [312] The New York Yankees honor Robinson with a plaque in Monument Park. [270][272] Tens of thousands of people lined the subsequent procession route to Robinson's interment site at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, where he was buried next to his son Jackie and mother-in-law Zellee Isum. He gratefully accepted a plaque honoring the twenty-fifth anniversary of his MLB debut, but also commented, "I'm going to be tremendously more pleased and more proud when I look at that third base coaching line one day and see a black face managing in baseball. [56][57] Although the Army's initial July 1941 guidelines for OCS had been drafted as race neutral, few black applicants were admitted into OCS until after subsequent directives by Army leadership. [324] His home in Brooklyn, the Jackie Robinson House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976,[325] and Brooklyn residents sought to turn his home into a city landmark. [51] He took a job as an assistant athletic director with the government's National Youth Administration (NYA) in Atascadero, California. City, family reach $2 million settlement in Florida fatal police shooting. From gang member to world-famous baseball player, Jackie Robinson helped break down barriers for African American athletes, proving that they can not only compete, but excel, in a variety of sports. [188] Sportswriter Dick Young, whom Robinson had described as a "bigot", said, "If there was one flaw in Jackie, it was the common one. Jackie was the youngest of five childrenEdgar, Frank, Matthew "Mack," and Willa Maeand a little over a year after his birth, Robinson's mother moved the family to Pasadena. [52][110][111], In 1946, Robinson arrived at Daytona Beach, Florida, for spring training with the Montreal Royals of the Class AAA International League. Airport police asked Robinson to leave, but he refused. Because of his off-season activities, Robinson reported to training camp 30 pounds (14kg) overweight. [73], After his acquittal, he was transferred to Camp Breckinridge, Kentucky, where he served as a coach for army athletics until receiving an honorable discharge in November 1944. [298], As an exception to the retired-number policy, MLB began honoring Robinson by allowing players to wear number 42 on April 15, Jackie Robinson Day, which is an annual observance that started in 2004. Complications from heart disease and diabetes weakened Robinson and made him almost blind by middle age. Source: Vimbuzz.com Related Posts What Were Jackie Robinson's Last Words? Mack Robinson died at age 88 on March 12, 2000. He was the youngest of five children. "[144][145][146][147] Woodward's article received the E. P. Dutton Award in 1947 for Best Sports Reporting. [266] On June 17, 1971, he was killed in an automobile accident at age 24. The Dodgers tried Robinson in the outfield and as a third baseman, both because of his diminishing abilities and because Gilliam was established at second base. [167] Sisler taught Robinson to anticipate a fastball, on the theory that it is easier to subsequently adjust to a slower curveball. He come to beat ya. [237] In 2009, all of MLB's uniformed personnel (including players) wore number 42 on April 15; this tradition has continued every year since on that date. [19] As a result, Robinson joined a neighborhood gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it. Muchnick. Weary of constant disagreements with O'Malley, and with no hope of being re-appointed as President of the Dodgers, Rickey cashed out his one-quarter financial interest in the team, leaving O'Malley in full control of the franchise. What's more, I say he can make us all rich. [302] Ultimately, more than 200 players wore number 42, including the entire rosters of the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Mets, Houston Astros, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Milwaukee Brewers, and Pittsburgh Pirates. [106], Robinson's promotion met a generally positive, although mixed, reception among newspapers and white major league players. All will be suspended and I don't care if it wrecks the National League for five years. [28] On the football team, he played quarterback and safety. [26] In late January 1937, the Pasadena Star-News newspaper reported that Robinson "for two years has been the outstanding athlete at Muir, starring in football, basketball, track, baseball and tennis. When he poured out that string of unconscionable abuse, he solidified and united thirty men. Under the terms of the retirement, a grandfather clause allowed the handful of players who wore number 42 to continue doing so in tribute to Robinson, until such time as they subsequently changed teams or jersey numbers. Born on January 31 51 Deceased on October 24 41 Baseball 44 Family tree Report an error Robinson Willis 1842 - 1870 Robinson Violet 1840 - Love Henry 1848 - Henderson Clara 1845 - 1920 McGriff Jacob 1805 - McGriff Rutha 1810 - Sims Henry 1845 - 1921 Pullens Lucy 1834 - 1904 Robinson Tony 1862 - 1932 Henderson Florence 1864 - 1951 McGriff Washington [156] Jewish baseball star Hank Greenberg, who had to deal with ethnic epithets during his career, also encouraged Robinson. [126] He also scored four runs, drove in three, and stole two bases in the Royals' 141 victory. [252] He later became special assistant for community affairs when Rockefeller was re-elected governor of New York in 1966 and in 1971 was appointed to the New York State Athletic Commission by Rockefeller. Rachel, Sharon and David Robinson are living as of 2015. [314], Robinson has also been recognized outside of baseball. She became an assistant professor at the Yale School of Nursing and director of nursing at the Connecticut Mental Health Center. "[180][181][182], Before the 1951 season, O'Malley reportedly offered Robinson the job of manager of the Montreal Royals, effective at the end of Robinson's playing career. In 1968, he suffered a heart attack. O'Malley was quoted in the Montreal Standard as saying, "Jackie told me that he would be both delighted and honored to tackle this managerial post"although reports differed as to whether a position was ever formally offered. [52][54] After a short season, Robinson returned to California in December 1941 to pursue a career as running back for the Los Angeles Bulldogs of the Pacific Coast Football League. On October 24, 1972, Robinson died of a heart attack at his home on 95 Cascade Road in North Stamford, Connecticut; he was 53 years old. He hit .256 and stole only 12 bases. [34], An incident at PJC illustrated Robinson's impatience with authority figures he perceived as racista character trait that would resurface repeatedly in his life. [198] After the season, the Dodgers traded Robinson to the arch-rival New York Giants for Dick Littlefield and $35,000 cash (equal to $348,843 today). "[257][258] This wish was only fulfilled after Robinson's death: following the 1974 season, the Cleveland Indians gave their managerial post to Frank Robinson (no relation to Jackie), a Hall of Fame-bound player who would go on to manage three other teams. "[203], Beginning his major league career at the relatively advanced age of 28, he played only ten seasons from 1947 to 1956, all of them for the Brooklyn Dodgers. [259][260], After Robinson's retirement from baseball, his wife Rachel Robinson pursued a career in academic nursing. David Robinson, the youngest child of Jack and Rachel Robinson, was born in 1952. The following January, approximately 1,000 people marched on New Year's Day to the airport,[234][235] which was desegregated shortly thereafter. [135] Robinson became the first player since 1884 to openly break the major league baseball color line. "You will find that the friends that you think you have in the press box will not support you, that you will be outcasts," Frick was quoted as saying. [48] In 2002, Molefi Kete Asante included Robinson on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. [276] His youngest son, David, who has ten children, is a coffee grower and social activist in Tanzania. American baseball player Jackie Robinson (1919 - 1972) of the Brooklyn Dodgers. [190], In 1953, Robinson had 109 runs, a .329 batting average, and 17 steals,[162] leading the Dodgers to another National League pennant (and another World Series loss to the Yankees, this time in six games). Awards And Honors. [183][184], During the 1951 season, Robinson led the National League in double plays made by a second baseman for the second year in a row, with 137. [162] He did, however, record a career-high on-base percentage of .436. [65] While awaiting results of hospital tests on the ankle he had injured in junior college, Robinson boarded an Army bus with a fellow officer's wife; although the Army had commissioned its own unsegregated bus line, the bus driver ordered Robinson to move to the back of the bus. [255] He made his final public appearance on October 15, 1972, nine days before his death,[256] throwing the ceremonial first pitch before Game2 of the World Series at Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati. During Robinson's first at bat, the Jersey City catcher, Dick Bouknight, demanded that Sandel throw at Robinson, but Sandel refused. [206] Robinson exhibited the combination of hitting ability and speed which exemplified the new era. [296][297] There have also been calls for MLB to retire number 21 league-wide in honor of Roberto Clemente, a sentiment opposed by the Robinson family. Jackie Robinson. [162][204][207] Robinson was one of only two players during the span of 194756 to accumulate at least 125 steals while registering a slugging percentage over .425 (Minnie Mioso was the other). [329] In 1997, the United States Mint issued a Jackie Robinson commemorative silver dollar, and five-dollar gold coin. They were the only black family on their block, and the prejudice they encountered only strengthened their bond. 1. [117][118] In Jacksonville, the stadium was padlocked shut without warning on game day, by order of the city's Parks and Public Property director. [229], Robinson once told future Hall of Fame inductee Hank Aaron that "the game of baseball is great, but the greatest thing is what you do after your career is over. Ellis. Robinson's continued success spawned a string of death threats. [93] For the performance Robinson earned the Most Valuable Player Award for the National League. [238] In 1966, Robinson was hired as general manager for the short-lived Brooklyn Dodgers of the Continental Football League. He was the youngest of five children born to Mallie (McGriff) and Jerry Robinson, after siblings Edgar, Frank, Matthew (nicknamed "Mack"), and Willa Mae. [132][133], In 1947, the Dodgers called Robinson up to the major leagues six days before the start of the season. [66][69] When Robinson later confronted the investigating duty officer about racist questioning by the officer and his assistant, the officer recommended Robinson be court-martialed. Overcoming his dejection, Robinson dutifully observed Thomson's feet to ensure he touched all the bases. [58] As a result, the applications of Robinson and his colleagues were delayed for several months. With the track and field squad, he won awards in the broad jump. And if any of you cannot use the money, I will see that you are all traded. That year, he served as editor for Our Sports magazine, a periodical focusing on Negro sports issues; contributions to the magazine included an article on golf course segregation by Robinson's old friend Joe Louis. [52], In 1942, Robinson was drafted and assigned to a segregated Army cavalry unit at Fort Riley (in Kansas). [327][328] Robinson also has an asteroid named after him, 4319 Jackierobinson. Explore 11 little-known facts about the man who integrated baseball. 1950), and David Robinson (b. [25], In 1936, Robinson won the junior boys singles championship in the annual Pacific Coast Negro Tennis Tournament and earned a place on the Pomona annual baseball tournament all-star team, which included future Hall of Famers Ted Williams and Bob Lemon. ", "Larry Doby Remembers Being Introduced To", "Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball? Jackie Robinson and his wife, Rachel, had three children: Jackie Jr., Sharon and David. [251] He became one of six national directors for Nelson Rockefeller's unsuccessful campaign to be nominated as the Republican candidate for the election. Jackie Robinson was inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame in 1962. [96][97] Rickey did not offer compensation to the Monarchs, instead believing all Negro league players were free agents due to the contracts not containing a reserve clause. David Robinson created Sweet Unity Farms, a group of 300 small farms in Tanzania. With Eddie Stanky entrenched at second base for the Dodgers, Robinson played his initial major league season as a first baseman. [159] His cumulative performance earned him the inaugural Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award (separate National and American League Rookie of the Year honors were not awarded until 1949). [7] In 1999, he was posthumously named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. [265] After his discharge, he struggled with drug problems. The rotunda was dedicated at the opening of Citi Field on April 16, 2009. In the mid-1940s, Branch Rickey, club president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, began to scout the Negro leagues for a possible addition to the Dodgers' roster. Following an incident where Greenberg collided with Robinson at first base, he "whispered a few words into Robinson's ear", which Robinson later characterized as "words of encouragement. [129][130] Whether fans supported or opposed it, Robinson's presence on the field was a boon to attendance; more than one million people went to games involving Robinson in 1946, an astounding figure by International League standards. [171], In 1950, Robinson led the National League in double plays made by a second baseman with 133. [131][137] However, racial tension existed in the Dodger clubhouse. [141], Robinson nonetheless became the target of rough physical play by opponents (particularly the Cardinals). [161] In February 1948, he signed a $12,500 contract (equal to $140,980 today) with the Dodgers; while a significant amount, this was less than Robinson made in the off-season from a vaudeville tour, where he answered pre-set baseball questions and a speaking tour of the South. [82][83] The hectic travel schedule also placed a burden on his relationship with Isum, with whom he could now communicate only by letter. [162] The Dodgers improved on their performance from the year before, winning the National League pennant before losing the 1952 World Series to the New York Yankees in seven games. He lost the weight during training camp, but dieting left him weak at the plate. I think that's one of the reasons why Josh died so earlyhe was heartbroken. [72] Robinson's performance soon rebounded. Robinson also led the NCAA in punt return average in the 1939 and 1940 seasons. [93][267] Robinson's funeral service on October 27, 1972, at Upper Manhattan's Riverside Church in Morningside Heights, attracted 2,500 mourners. [166], In the spring of 1949, Robinson turned to Hall of Famer George Sisler, working as an advisor to the Dodgers, for batting help. [319] The stadium also unveiled a new mural of Robinson by Mike Sullivan on April 14, 2013. Jesse Simms, the grandson of Jackie Robinson, is carrying on his family's legacy through Minor League Baseball. "[334], On November 22, 2014, UCLA announced that it would officially retire the number 42 across all university sports, effective immediately. [152] Dodgers teammate Pee Wee Reese once came to Robinson's defense with the famous line, "You can hate a man for many reasons. Karl Downs to be the athletic director at Samuel Huston College in Austin, then of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. [187] He finished the year with 104 runs, a .308 batting average, and 24 stolen bases. Those who do it will encounter quick retribution. He was survived by his wife Delano, their three sons and three daughters, a son and daughter from previous marriages, twenty-five grandchildren, and eight great grandchildren. [165] In 1948, Wendell Smith's book, Jackie Robinson: My Own Story, was released. Based on . [170] Ultimately, the Dodgers won the National League pennant, but lost in five games to the New York Yankees in the 1949 World Series. [52][53][54], After the government ceased NYA operations, Robinson traveled to Honolulu in the fall of 1941 to play football for the semi-professional, racially integrated Honolulu Bears. In 1987, both the National and American League Rookie of the Year Awards were renamed the "Jackie Robinson Award" in honor of the first recipient (Robinson's Major League Rookie of the Year Award in 1947 encompassed both leagues). [200], Robinson protested against the major leagues' ongoing lack of minority managers and central office personnel, and he turned down an invitation to appear in an old-timers' game at Yankee Stadium in 1969. Historical statistical analysis indicates Robinson was an outstanding fielder throughout his ten years in the major leagues and at virtually every position he played. [267][268] The experience with his son's drug addiction turned Robinson Sr. into an avid anti-drug crusader toward the end of his life. [176] The New York Times wrote that Robinson, "doing that rare thing of playing himself in the picture's leading role, displays a calm assurance and composure that might be envied by many a Hollywood star. Robinson's mother worked various odd jobs to support the family. [212] He led the league in fielding among second basemen in 1950 and 1951. [85] He also appeared in the 1945 EastWest All-Star Game, going hitless in five at-bats. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia in 1919 to a family of sharecroppers. October 24, 1972 (aged 53) Stamford Connecticut. [243] President Ronald Reagan posthumously awarded Robinson the Presidential Medal of Freedom on March 26, 1984,[315] and on March 2, 2005, President George W. Bush gave Robinson's widow the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian award bestowed by Congress; Robinson was only the second baseball player to receive the award, after Roberto Clemente. The price was the highest ever paid for a post-World War II jersey.[340]. [74] While there, Robinson met a former player for the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League, who encouraged Robinson to write the Monarchs and ask for a tryout. Mets owner Fred Wilpon announced that the Metsin conjunction with Citigroup and the Jackie Robinson Foundationwill created the Jackie Robinson Museum and Learning Center, located at the headquarters of the Jackie Robinson Foundation at One Hudson Square, along Canal Street in lower Manhattan. [305], At the November 2006 groundbreaking for Citi Field, the new ballpark for the New York Mets, it was announced that the main entrance, modeled on the one in Brooklyn's old Ebbets Field, would be called the Jackie Robinson Rotunda. [35] Robinson received a two-year suspended sentence, but the incidentalong with other rumored run-ins between Robinson and policegave Robinson a reputation for combativeness in the face of racial antagonism. [191] He was not dissuaded, however, from addressing racial issues publicly. [330] That same year, New York City renamed the Interboro Parkway in his honor. [9][93] In a famous three-hour exchange on August 28, 1945,[94] Rickey asked Robinson if he could face the racial animus without taking the bait and reacting angrilya concern given Robinson's prior arguments with law enforcement officials at PJC and in the military. [161], Summer 1949 brought an unwanted distraction for Robinson. He had grown used to a structured playing environment in college, and the Negro leagues' disorganization and embrace of gambling interests appalled him. [15][16][17], The extended Robinson family established itself on a residential plot containing two small houses at 121 Pepper Street in Pasadena. While Robinson wore several different numbers during his UCLA career, the school chose 42 because it had become indelibly identified with him. [93] Robinson made his debut in a Dodgers uniform wearing number 42 on April 11, 1947, in a preseason exhibition game against the New York Yankees at Ebbets Field with 24,237 in attendance. The trade, however, was never completed; unbeknownst to the Dodgers, Robinson had already agreed with the president of Chock full o'Nuts to quit baseball and become an executive with the company. on May 7, 1938. "[151], However, Robinson received significant encouragement from several major league players. [2] Robinson broke the baseball color line when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947. "[139], Robinson was also derided by opposing teams. ", "Document Deep Dive: The Heartfelt Friendship Between Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey", "Jackie Robinson and baseball highlights, 1860s1960s", "It's Jackie Robinson Day on Wednesday. [163] He also kept the Dodgers in contention for the 1951 pennant. 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