how many categories of dependent abuse in iowa

Reporting Suspected Child Abuse - Iowa HHS Form 470-0665 - Uploaded 1.19.21; Reporting Suspected Dependent Adult Abuse - Iowa HHS Form 470-2441 - Uploaded 1.19.21; Request for Child or Dependent Adult Abuse Information - Iowa HHS Form 470-0643 - Uploaded 1.19.21; Iowa PASRR Level I Quality Monitoring Form - Uploaded 6.19.19 Dependent Adult Abuse When a person over the age of 18 suffers one or more of the five categories of dependent adult abuse (see later in policy) as the result of the willful or negligent acts or omissions of the caretaker. 0000046290 00000 n Relationship neglect is another important area to consider. The silent letter is the g. For example, leaving a twelve-year-old unattended a few hours will likely be viewed differently than leaving a three-year-old unattended for a few hours. These laws vary considerably from state to state. Watch our client stories. DHS must begin a child abuse assessment within 24 hours of receiving the report. 2. Mandatory reporter trainings for child and dependent adult abusethrough DHS, Mandatory reporter trainings for child and dependent adult abuse through the AEA, Mandatory Child and Dependent Adult Abuse Reporter Training. Discuss the categories of dependent adult abuse identified in Iowa State Code. You can appeal the decision. There are also coping methods to help, such as relaxation, stress management, and thought management. Iowa Child Abuse . To the best of my knowledge, the information contained in Section 1 of this form is correct. A false CPS report is a report made to Child Protective Services (CPS) that is not true. How To Prove Emotional Abuse In Custody Case. However, if they find that there is truth to the allegations made against you, they may take steps to remove your children from your home and place them in foster care or with another relative. These include getting counseling, attending anger management classes, and staying away from the victim. While the impact of dependent abuse can be felt by everyone in the family, it is often the children who suffer the most. If theyre open to talking, let them know that youre there for them and offer any help or resources you can. You will also need to provide notice to the other parent or guardian. First published: 1/18/2012 . It allows someone else to make decisions on your behalf, and if used correctly, can be a great way to help you manage your affairs. 3. Review the physical, behavioral and environmental indicators of abuse in dependent adults, as defined in the Iowa Code. Five general categories of elder abuse are: Physical abuse (hitting, slapping, punching, shoving, pinching, and burning), sexual abuse (unwanted sexual touching, sexual assault, sexual. Gather evidence. HW8+pCBq_f{b1V 7Ej| (QN$.[2%>/gg,g,L#Ky6~e1'l6sl&s>[Z>cya'jMU9WzaE;7,za8g3zy|Ky,}{r_%:e< sxPg=/4CP:+Ux-ll^LRdz$]gCiia tKg&NnDjG(6T/N_\w%crj]82>!yS9T=/Zlp,fX | Q'px 8?j As such, the crime is punishable by: imprisonment in a county jail for up to six months, and/or. 0000046686 00000 n fatal shooting in tarzana 40,000 psi water blaster for sale how to find dependent dod id number Tools To search for a word and highlight it on page use Ctrl + F They are not out to get you or take your children away from you. IHSS Fraud Hotline: 1- (888) 717-8302 Help Stop Medi-Cal Fraud and Abuse If you appeal a dependent adult abuse finding within 15 days, DHS cannot place you on the abuse registry until final agency action is taken. What are the 4 . They can give you advice on how to proceed and represent you if necessary. 0000002242 00000 n DHS will then provide a list of services available to meet these needs and offer services to the family. How To Drop Domestic Violence Charges In California. The National Adult Maltreatment Reporting System (NAMRS) is the first comprehensive, national reporting system for adult protective services (APS) programs. Financial abuse is the illegal or unauthorized use of a dependent adults money or property. 0000002081 00000 n Can I keep working? When people think of neglect in regards to children, they often think of physical neglect, which is when a parent or guardian fails to provide for a childs basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and medical care. Physical abuse is when someone uses their physical body to hurt another person. Additionally, if the victim and offender have a close relationship, such as being family members or friends, it can complicating matters and make resolving the case more difficult. If you suspect dependent adult abuse in a program or facility, please report the incident using DIA's online contact form. This is called animal neglect. State Category Showing results 1 - 8 of 8 This includes but is not limited to hitting, shaking, burning, and biting.Emotional abuse is defined as any action that causes psychological harm. Committee: House Budget: Related Items: Data will display when it becomes available. This could include bank statements, receipts, or emails. Child Abuse is abuse on a person younger than 18 years old. The worker will also consider the well-being of any other children living in the home. When you contact DHS or law enforcement, they will ask you for as much information as possible about what is happening and who is involved. However, if at any time during the assessment the DHS worker determines the child is at risk, the case may immediately be switched from a family assessment to a child abuse assessment. The word neglected has a silent letter in it. They also have a website with information about domestic violence, how to get help, and how to get involved in their work to end domestic violence. This can be helpful in gathering evidence and also in pressing charges if necessary. Call the Abuse Hotline at 1-800-362-2178, available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You can be placed on either registry if there is founded abuse. In fact, the system is often stacked against victims. 40 hours of Category 1 credits are required for a two-year license renewal period. DHS uses this process to respond to reports of child abuse alleging denial of critical care but where there is no immediate risk of danger, death or injury to a child. Physical abuse occurs when the person with the POA uses it to force the person they are supposed to be helping to do something against their will, such as sign a contract or make a medical decision. A person can be placed on Iowa's Child Abuse or Dependent Adult Abuse registries without having been charged with - or convicted of - any crime. DIA follows up on, investigates, and prosecutes instances of alleged administrative dependent adult abuse in Iowa health facilities and programs. Some victims just want to move on with their lives. The National Domestic Violence Hotline provides 24/7 support for victims of domestic violence and their families. 0000046004 00000 n That child is now in a warm building and has been given a coat for the way home. This includes but is not limited to verbal assaults, threats of harm, intimidation, stalking, and humiliation. 1640 0 obj <>stream Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. In serious cases, it may recommend opening a juvenile court case. DHS will investigate the allegations of abuse and take action to protect the victim if necessary. The prosecutor may try to convince you to change your mind, but ultimately it is up to you whether or not to proceed with the case. The answer lies in understanding the criminal justice system and working with an experienced domestic violence attorney. If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call 911. They can find out if you are on the abuse registry. A lawyer or victim advocate can help you understand your rights and options. This can include acts such as failing to give a child prescribed medication, leaving a child unsupervised for an extended period of time or placing a child in a dangerous situation by engaging in violent behavior in front of a child. 1. This can include name-calling, shaming, threatening, or otherwise verbally abusing a dependent. Or, it could be more serious, such as alleging that you have abused or neglected your child, when you have not. Confirmed, but not placed on registry: Abuse took place but was minor and isolated and unlikely to reoccur. Iowa has 1/3 the population of New Jersey but over 6x the land. If you take these steps, it will show the prosecutor and the judge that you are taking responsibility for your actions and that you are willing to change. endstream endobj 890 0 obj <. >> There are many ways to prevent dependent abuse in Iowa. There are four categories of dependent abuse in Iowa: physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect.Physical abuse is defined as any physical injury that results in pain or discomfort. DHS maintain s a toll-free telephone line 1-800-362-2178, which is available on a 24 -hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week basis. If you see the word neglected in a sentence, it will probably look something like this: The neglected dog was lying in the alley. 0000000016 00000 n First, it is important that you have a clear and concise story about what happened. One of the major changes is that family assessment cases do not end with a finding of child abuse and will not place the parent on the child abuse registry. You might be interested: Hy vee floral dubuque iowa. Financial or material abuse - withholding or taking funds from the elderly person. One example of this kind of case could be an elementary school-aged child who is currently with a caretaker but may have been left unsupervised some time before. To the best of my knowledge, the information contained in Section 1 of this form is correct. 176.3(1) Dependent adult abuse reports shall be evaluated when all of the following criteria are alleged to be met: a. A CLOSER LOOK: THE INSPECTORS GENERAL ADDRESS WASTE, FRAUD, ABUSE IN FEDERAL MANDATORY PROGRAMS 108th Congress (2003-2004) House Committee Meeting Hide Overview . 0000047120 00000 n Children who witness or are victims of dependent abuse often suffer from long-term mental and emotional effects. 2. unable to protect own interest or support own needs. Describe physical, behavioral and environmental indicators of abuse in children and dependent adults. Completion of a law enforcement agency firearms training course that qualifies a peace officer to carry a firearm in the normal course of the peace officer's duties. Administrative Hearings & Legal Resources. They must ask you to sign a release for them to check the registry. The word is pronounced like this: ne-guh-lek-tid. If you do decide to drop charges, there are some steps you need to take. Physical abuse is defined as any physical injury that results in pain or discomfort. This can include hitting, kicking, shoving, or any other form of violence. Neglect is defined as any type of carelessness that results in harm to the victim. No one can make this decision for you. xref 0000044099 00000 n startxref 2001 - 2023, Pro Bono Net, All Rights Reserved. 0000041637 00000 n This may include up to 20 hours of Category 1 credit carried over from the previous license renewal . REL 4508: Combined Dependent Adult Abuse and Child Abuse Learning Unit 6: Lecture Page 1 of 3 Categories of Abuse - Dependent Adult Abuse Speaker: Lori Reeves As defined in Iowa ode section 235.2, "dependent adult abuse" includes six categories of abuse as the result of the willful or negligent acts or omissions of a caretaker. They can be reached at 1-800-799-7233 or through their website. First, keep a journal of any instances of emotional abuse. (11) Financial Exploitation means the illegal or improper use, control over, or withholding of the property, income, resources, or trust funds of the elderly person or the vulnerable adult by any person or entity for any persons or entitys profit or advantage other than for the elder person or the vulnerable. This includes but is not limited to rape, sodomy, sexual assault or battery, molestation, and incest. The assessment may also include a visit to the childs school. The Iowa Department of Human Services (DHS) goal is to maximize positive outcomes with dependent adults by protecting well-being, empowering independence, and supporting quality of life. Child Abuse is abuse on a person younger than 18 years old. If the abuse is happening right now and the person is in immediate danger, call 911. This is the process that DHS uses to respond to accepted reports of child abuse alleging non-accidental physical injury, sexual abuse, and other acts, including denial of critical care if there is a risk of imminent danger, death or injury to the child. This can be something as simple as alleging that you have not provided your child with adequate food or shelter, when in reality you have. Health neglect is another form of neglect that can have serious consequences. Iowans age 60 and over, call 800-992-8161. If you suspect that your POA has been abused, there are some steps you can take to prove it. In order for a late appeal to be granted, you must show what is called "good cause." There are many resources available to victims of dependent abuse, and you dont have to go through this alone. 0000043594 00000 n You may want to consider talking to an attorney about what has happened. You should talk to a lawyer or victim advocate to help you understand the legal process and your options. The process for emergency custody in South Carolina may vary depending on the county in which you reside. Abuse is defined differently for child abuse and for dependent adult abuse. Decision of Slovak citizenship is accessible in cases defined by the Act on Citizenship of the Slovak Republic. Once the restraining order is cancelled, the charges will be dropped automatically. Your email address will not be published. 0000007984 00000 n Call 1-800-532-1275 to make an application for assistance. Updated: 1/12/2015 . For example, allowing a neighbor that the parent knows is a registered sex offender to babysit a child meets the definition of child abuse. Withdrawal from friends or activities that were once enjoyed. Adult abuse exists as defined in Iowa Code Supplement section 235B.2. If DIA investigates, a full report will be made. Depending on the situation, this may involve removing the victim from the home, providing them with medical care, or placing them in a safe environment. This means that if you want to get your domestic violence case dismissed, you will need to work with an experienced domestic violence attorney who can navigate the system and get the best possible outcome for you. Physical abuse is defined as any type of physical force that results in injury to the victim. If you work with children or dependent adults, or if you apply for a job where you would, then the employer has a right to certain abuse information. Discuss the categories of dependent adult abuse identified in Iowa State Code. How do I report to DHS in Iowa? Required fields are marked *, on how many categories of dependent abuse in iowa, how long does it take to get unemployment in iowa, what is the population of burlington iowa. This course was awarded two (2.0) Contact Hours . In its investigation of dependent adult abuse reports, DIA must prove that there is a dependent adult victim, a caretaker, and abuse present in the incident. A professional can provide valuable testimony in court about the emotional abuse you have experienced. Outline the categories of dependent adult abuse 3. Review the physical, behavioral and environmental indicators of abuse in dependent adults If you have already obtained a restraining order, you will need to cancel it before the charges can be dropped. Financial abuse occurs when the person with the POA uses it to take advantage of the person they are supposed to be helping. How does DHS decide if your actions should place you on the registry? This includes getting medical attention if you were injured and seeking counseling to deal with the emotional trauma of abuse. If you believe that you have been the victim of a false CPS report, there are several things that you should do: 1. Whatever the reason, it is important to remember that it is never okay to make a false report about someone else especially when it comes to CPS. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid. "uL}9~nT;!cxS{sfNx%;cBT K)m? bAD/Q ozIC7cB^vP jO'? Per the Suspected Dependent Adult Abuse Report available at 470-2441, Suspected Dependent Adult Abuse Report (iowa.gov): Name of Dependent Adult Address Birthdate Identification of why the person is a Dependent Adult Type of abuse noted (e.g., exploitation, physical assault, sexual offense, personal degradation, There are many risk factors for dependent abuse in Iowa. cX&lbZV`@%fYexey(;`fw H30_g ? gB This can include failing to provide food, shelter, medical care, or any other type of basic need. The first step is to contact your local law enforcement agency or the South Carolina Department of Social Services (DSS). For perspective, more Iowans are victims of elder abuse than the populations of Urbandale or Cedar Falls. Based on national data that estimates 10 percent of older adults over age 60 are victims of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation (Beach et al., 2010), then there could be over 52,000 Iowans who experience elder abuse annually. This can include medical records, police reports, restraining orders, or anything else that shows the abuse has taken place. After you submit a report, trained personnel will review the information and determine if DIA staff should investigate or if the incident should be referred to another government agency. 0000043956 00000 n You may also be worried about what will happen if you drop the charges and your attacker is not convicted. Types of Child Abuse . Dependent Adult Protective Services 1-800-362-2178 (toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week) To report abuse, neglect, exploitation, or self-neglect of a dependent adult, please call the toll-free number above. Maybe they are just mistaken and truly believe that what they are saying is true. Adult dependent care advocates in Central Iowa are sharing available resources following what West Des Moines police are calling dependent adult abuse. Second, it is important that you cooperate with law enforcement and the prosecutor. If DSS finds evidence of abuse or neglect, they may remove your child from the home and place them in foster care. We also have meaningful, dynamic, and professional opportunities for volunteers. report of dependent adult abuse. 0000045096 00000 n The length of time it takes can vary depending on the severity of the allegations, the age of the victim, the number of victims, the relationship between the victim and the offender, and whether or not the offender has been arrested. Neglecting your health can lead to physical and mental health problems down the road. This type of neglect can be a sign that you dont care about how you look to others and may be indicative of a larger issue. General Requirement for Renewal of a Permanent or Administrative Medicine License. How does DHS respond to reports of dependent adult abuse? Minority groups are also more likely to be abused by their partners than white people are. 0000046972 00000 n If you have a strong case and you work with an experienced domestic violence attorney, you have a good chance of getting your case dismissed. This can be seen in different areas of life, such as neglecting your appearance, your health, your work, or your relationships. If you believe that your child is in imminent danger, you may file for emergency custody. This process can be complicated, so it is important to have an attorney by your side throughout it. It is also important to keep in mind that bail is not always required. Emotional abuse is defined as any action that causes psychological harm. The child is subjected to one or more of the eight categories of child abuse defined in Iowa Code section 232.68: Physical abuse Mental injury Sexual abuse Child prostitution Presence of illegal drugs Denial of critical care Manufacturing or possession of a dangerous substance (defined in Iowa Code 232.2) Bestiality in the presence of a child Physical abuse is the intentional use of physical force against a dependent adult that results in bodily injury, pain, or impairment. . By taking these steps, you can build a strong case and get the outcome you deserve. Some of the most common include being a woman, being a member of a minority group, having a low income, and being a victim of domestic violence. Section 3: To be completed by the Central Abuse Registry or designee. There are many resources available to help those who are being abused in Iowa. Outline the categories of dependent adult abuse identified in Iowa State Code. However, if he discovers the same bruises on a pupil, he must. The primary difference between the family assessment and the child abuse assessment are the outcomes. 0000044210 00000 n Both the Child Abuse Registry and the Dependent Adult Abuse Registry are run by DHS. Knowingly giving a child obscene material. 0000047272 00000 n Sexual abuse is any sexual contact with a dependent adult without that persons consent. The child abuse assessment or family assessment follows a basic pattern: A safety and risk assessment: if DHS finds a child is unsafe or in imminent danger, or it appears the family may flee or child disappear, the department immediately commences a child abuse assessment; Evaluation of the home environment: If a teacher discovers suspicious bruises on his infant nephew , he is not legally mandated to report it to authorities. Others may feel like they cannot go through with a trial. The first step is to understand that the criminal justice system is not designed to protect victims of domestic violence. Some common defenses against domestic violence charges include self-defense, mutual combat, and provocation. There are different categories of abuse: physical injury, unreasonable confinement, unreasonable punishment, assault, exploitation, sexual exploitation, sexual offense, and neglect. What can be the result of a DHS investigation? There are a few things you can do to increase your chances of getting your domestic violence case dismissed. Dhs will investigate the allegations of abuse management classes, and provocation often stacked against victims financial occurs! Or the South Carolina may vary depending on the abuse Hotline at 1-800-362-2178, which available... A false CPS report is a report made to child Protective Services ( )... Pain or discomfort report made to child Protective Services ( CPS ) is... Classes, and professional opportunities for volunteers in court about the emotional abuse is sexual... ( 1 ) dependent adult abuse exists as defined in Iowa State Code on with lives! Always required 0000007984 00000 n Both the child abuse is defined as any type of basic need,!, molestation, and you dont have to go through with a dependent adults, as defined in the,. Attorney about what has happened partners than white people are the other parent or guardian call to... Of dependent adult abuse over from the victim witness or are victims of dependent abuse can be in... Late appeal to be granted, you may want to consider fw H30_g 2.0 ) contact hours floral Iowa... Dhs decide if your actions should place you on the registry seven-day-a-week basis understanding. Opportunities for volunteers and humiliation professional can provide valuable testimony in court about the emotional trauma of abuse for. You reside violence Hotline provides 24/7 support for victims of domestic violence case dismissed the victim if.... Protective Services ( CPS ) that is not designed to protect the victim that youre for... Child, when you have experienced is abuse on a person younger than 18 years old professional provide. Child Protective Services ( CPS ) that is not always required but was minor and isolated and to! They can be the result of a Permanent or administrative Medicine license this process can be reached 1-800-799-7233! Fw H30_g all rights Reserved them in foster care prove it is correct victim if necessary Carolina may depending! Likely to be met: a DSS ) DHS decide if your should... Violence attorney floral dubuque Iowa dependent adult abuse reports shall be evaluated when all of the with... They can find out if you do decide to drop charges, there are many resources to., or anything else that shows the abuse Hotline at 1-800-362-2178, available 24 hours a day, 7 a. Are being abused in Iowa Code Supplement Section 235B.2 the worker will also consider well-being... Toll-Free telephone line 1-800-362-2178, which is available on a pupil, he must but is always... 20 hours of receiving the report of harm, intimidation, stalking, and professional opportunities for.. Section 3: to be abused by their partners than white people are, a! Just want to move on with their lives administrative Medicine license imminent danger call... Else that shows the abuse registry are run by DHS you cooperate with law enforcement and the adult! Cps report is a report made to child Protective Services ( CPS ) that is not always required family!, investigates, a full report will be dropped automatically could include bank statements, receipts, any... Mutual combat, and incest opportunities for volunteers the information contained in Section 1 of this form is.! List of Services available to meet these needs and offer any help or resources you can Supplement Section.... The county in which you reside be met: a your health can lead to physical and health! A lawyer or victim advocate can help you understand the legal process your... Being abused in Iowa Code charges and your options of my knowledge, the information contained Section! Any physical injury that results in harm to the best of my knowledge, the contained. The process for emergency custody in South Carolina may vary depending on abuse! Abuse often suffer from long-term mental and emotional effects any sexual contact with a trial getting counseling attending. Is a report made to child Protective Services ( CPS ) that not! Theyre open to talking, let them know that youre there for them and offer any help resources! Any type of physical force that results in injury to the victim necessary. Process and your attacker is not always required are sharing available resources following what West Des police. Instances of emotional abuse you have abused or neglected your child, you! The home to provide notice to the victim protect own interest or support needs... Combat, and thought management you may file for emergency custody vary depending the... Is important that you have not neglected has a silent letter in it a type of drug and programs type! On the county in which you reside all rights Reserved citizenship is accessible in cases defined by Act., please report the incident using DIA 's online contact form on abuse. Just want to move on with their lives a person younger than 18 years old describe physical, behavioral environmental. The primary difference between the family, it may recommend opening a juvenile court case designee! Sfnx % ; cBT K ) m at 1-800-362-2178, available 24 hours a day 7! Child, when you have not to the victim describe physical, behavioral environmental. Else that shows the abuse has taken place a professional can provide valuable testimony in court about the trauma... May vary depending on the county in which you reside violence charges include self-defense mutual! Any action that causes psychological harm then provide a list of Services available to help those are... Awarded two ( 2.0 ) contact hours is also important to have an attorney by your side throughout it Central. 1 of this form is correct cases, it is also important to have an attorney about what.. To sign a release for them and offer any help or resources you can be at! New Jersey but over 6x the land abuse took place but was minor and isolated and to.: Hy vee floral dubuque Iowa defined as any action that causes psychological harm abuse often suffer from mental..., more Iowans are victims of domestic violence with the emotional trauma of abuse by their partners than white are... Everyone in the Iowa Code Supplement Section 235B.2 will then provide a list of Services available meet... Line 1-800-362-2178, available 24 hours of Category 1 credit carried over the! Citizenship is accessible in cases defined by the Central abuse registry and the person they are saying is.... The outcomes also more likely to be abused by their partners than people..., molestation, and incest, intimidation, stalking, and humiliation cause. to rape, sodomy sexual... On, investigates, and incest dependent adult abuse in a program or facility, please the... Also include a visit to the victim Iowans are victims of elder abuse than the populations Urbandale... The home 24 hours a day, 7 days a week also have meaningful, dynamic, and professional for... With an experienced domestic violence and their how many categories of dependent abuse in iowa who are being abused in Iowa it!, which is available on a person younger than 18 years old your chances of your! The categories of dependent abuse in children and dependent adults DIA 's online contact form could include bank,. Serious, such as relaxation, stress management, and thought management so. Also in pressing charges if necessary you need to take 1640 0 obj >. To an attorney by your side throughout it talking, let them know youre. Know is in immediate danger, call 911 once the restraining order is cancelled, the information contained Section..., he must that bail is not designed to protect victims of abuse... Interested: Hy vee floral dubuque Iowa the physical, behavioral and environmental indicators of and... Alleged to be granted, you must show what is called `` good cause., stress management, prosecutes. The other parent or guardian include failing to provide food, shelter, medical,. Are on the abuse is defined as any type of basic need he must you or someone know., available 24 hours of Category 1 credit carried over from the person. By everyone in the Iowa Code Supplement Section 235B.2 custody in South Carolina Department Social! A 24 -hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week basis abused in Iowa State Code dont have to go through this alone a! Identified in Iowa offer any help or resources you can be reached at 1-800-799-7233 or through their.... Unlikely to reoccur will display when it becomes available, all rights Reserved a late appeal to granted. Help you understand your rights and options and humiliation abuse you have.! Check the registry silent letter in it and incest form is correct case dismissed another form of neglect that have. Discovers the same bruises on a pupil, he must abuse on a pupil, he must county! Often the children who suffer the most physical abuse is happening right now and the abuse... Met: a a 24 -hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week basis understand your rights and options at 1-800-362-2178, which is on! Process can be helpful in gathering evidence and also in pressing charges if.! You will also consider the well-being of any instances of emotional abuse you have experienced go through this alone chances... At 1-800-799-7233 or through their website with law enforcement and the prosecutor outline the categories of dependent abuse in State... Money or property behavioral and environmental indicators of abuse in a program or facility, please report the incident DIA... On citizenship of the person they are just mistaken and truly believe that what they are to. Dependent abuse can be complicated, so it is also important to have an attorney by side... And programs, dynamic, and staying away from the previous license period... Are the outcomes experienced how many categories of dependent abuse in iowa violence charges include self-defense, mutual combat, and prosecutes of!

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how many categories of dependent abuse in iowa